| By the middle of the century |
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| The Dutch and the British |
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| Christianity spread through Africa |
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| About half of Africa's population |
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| Although the standard of living has improved |
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| In many countries, food production |
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| African countries export raw materials |
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| During the Arab Spring many tourists |
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| The West helps poor African countries |
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| In the "Scramble for Africa" European countries |
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| When Europeans left Africa |
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| Zimbabwe was one of the last countries |
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